{"id":4,"date":"2026-01-07T18:14:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T18:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/?p=4"},"modified":"2026-07-05T17:49:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T17:49:02","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"front-matter","link":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/front-matter\/introduction\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"slo0n2\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"60\">Introduction to Data Science &amp; Addiction Research Methods<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"583\">Biomedical research increasingly uses longitudinal datasets that follow participants over time and combine information from surveys, behavioral tasks, health measures, biospecimens, genetic data, environmental context, and neuroimaging. Bringing these sources together allows researchers to examine questions that a single survey, clinic, or laboratory could not answer alone, including how social environments, development, biology, family experiences, and policy conditions relate to health and substance use over time.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"585\" data-end=\"917\">Throughout this textbook, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study serves as a central example. ABCD is a large, multisite study of young people that collects information across many connected areas of development, behavior, health, and environment. Figure 0.1 provides a high-level orientation to those data domains.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_351\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1282\"]<img class=\"wp-image-351 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains.png\" alt=\"High-level overview of major data domains in the ABCD Study, including physical health, biosamples, linked contextual data, family and community environments, novel technologies, neurocognition, substance use, mental health, and brain imaging, with examples of measures collected within each domain.\" width=\"1282\" height=\"724\" \/> <strong data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"1001\">Figure 0.1. High-level overview of data domains represented in the ABCD Study.<\/strong> The study includes information on substance use, physical health, biospecimens, neurocognition, mental health, brain imaging, family and community contexts, environmental exposures, and emerging technologies. <em data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1224\">Linked data<\/em> refers to contextual information, such as education, environmental exposures, policy, cultural values, and discrimination, that can be connected to participant records. Not every participant has every measure at every visit, and available measures vary across data releases. <em data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1596\">Source: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Study design and overview documentation. Retrieved June 15, 2026, from <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.abcdstudy.org\/latest\/study\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#study-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABCD Study Documentation: Study Design<\/a>.<\/span><\/em>[\/caption]\r\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1956\">Data do not simply appear in a file ready for analysis. Each value reflects decisions about study design, recruitment, consent, measurement, collection procedures, quality control, documentation, storage, access, and reuse. A survey response, laboratory result, genetic variant, or brain-imaging measure therefore has both a scientific meaning and a history.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"2530\">Figure 0.2 introduces the framework used throughout this course. <strong data-start=\"2023\" data-end=\"2046\">Data infrastructure<\/strong> includes the people, equipment, settings, procedures, and materials that make research data possible. <strong data-start=\"2149\" data-end=\"2170\">Data architecture<\/strong> includes the digital structures through which data are organized and analyzed, such as DataFrames, identifiers, linked datasets, longitudinal records, metadata, network data, and genomic variants. Ethics, governance, and regulation connect these domains by shaping what may be collected, how sensitive information is protected, and who may access or reuse it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_356\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1672\"]<img class=\"wp-image-356 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM.png\" alt=\"This figure introduces three connected concepts used throughout the course. Data infrastructure refers to the people, places, materials, devices, and procedures that physically generate research data. Data architecture refers to the digital structures used to organize and analyze those data, including tables, linked records, longitudinal files, metadata, networks, and genetic information. Ethics, governance, and regulation connect these domains by determining how data may be collected, stored, linked, accessed, and reused responsibly. The framework applies across all data types encountered in the course, including survey, toxicology, neuroimaging, and genetic data.\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" \/> Figure 0.2. From Data Infrastructure to Data Architecture. Data infrastructure includes the physical and operational systems that produce research data. Data architecture includes the digital structures used to organize, link, document, and analyze those data. Ethics, governance, and regulation shape both systems through requirements for consent, privacy, security, controlled access, and responsible reuse.[\/caption]\r\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3297\">The goal of this course is to apply this framework to the data types and instruments represented in Figure 0.1. You will learn to connect research questions to measurable variables, interpret documentation and data structures, evaluate data quality and limitations, use Python to conduct transparent analyses, and communicate conclusions responsibly.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"3299\" data-end=\"3753\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Although ABCD is a recurring example, students work with synthetic instructional datasets rather than restricted participant-level ABCD data. These datasets resemble selected features of real biomedical data, including repeated visits, multiple instruments, identifiers, missing-value codes, quality-control flags, and supporting documentation. They allow students to practice data analysis and reproducible workflow while protecting participant privacy.<\/p>\r\nThe course GitHub repository is available here:\r\n<h2>Companion Statistics Text<\/h2>\r\nThis textbook is designed to be used alongside:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.openintro.org\/go\/?id=biostat0\">Vu, J., &amp; Harrington, D. (2021). <em>Introductory Statistics for the Life and Biomedical Sciences<\/em> (1st ed., Version August 8, 2021). OpenIntro.<\/a>\r\n<h2>Module Pairing Schedule<\/h2>\r\n<table class=\"grid\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Module<\/th>\r\n<th>DSARM module topic<\/th>\r\n<th>Paired statistical concepts from Vu &amp; Harrington<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M1<\/td>\r\n<td>The Biomedical Data Journey<\/td>\r\n<td>-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M2<\/td>\r\n<td>Measuring Addiction &amp; Youth Substance Use<\/td>\r\n<td>Exploratory data analysis; numerical and categorical summaries; graphical displays (\u00a71.2\u20131.7).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M3<\/td>\r\n<td>Attitudes, Environments, Data Quality &amp; Cleaning<\/td>\r\n<td>-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M4<\/td>\r\n<td>Behavioral Genetics &amp; Addiction<\/td>\r\n<td>Foundations of probability; rules of probability; random variables (\u00a72.1\u20132.2).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M5<\/td>\r\n<td>Polygenic Traits &amp; Addiction<\/td>\r\n<td>Discrete and continuous probability distributions; binomial, normal, and Poisson distributions (\u00a73.1\u20133.4).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M6<\/td>\r\n<td>Social Determinants of Addiction<\/td>\r\n<td>Statistical inference; sampling variability; confidence intervals (\u00a74.1\u20134.2).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M7<\/td>\r\n<td>Public Policy &amp; Addiction<\/td>\r\n<td>Hypothesis-testing framework; test statistics; Type I and Type II errors (\u00a74.3\u20134.4).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M8<\/td>\r\n<td>Brain\u2019s Reward System &amp; Addiction<\/td>\r\n<td>One- and two-sided tests; interpreting p-values; decision rules (\u00a75.1\u20135.3).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M9<\/td>\r\n<td>Cue-Based Habits &amp; Impulse Control<\/td>\r\n<td>Statistical power; one-way ANOVA; comparing multiple group means (\u00a75.4\u20135.6).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>M10<\/td>\r\n<td>Capstone<\/td>\r\n<td>-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"slo0n2\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"60\">Introduction to Data Science &amp; Addiction Research Methods<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"583\">Biomedical research increasingly uses longitudinal datasets that follow participants over time and combine information from surveys, behavioral tasks, health measures, biospecimens, genetic data, environmental context, and neuroimaging. Bringing these sources together allows researchers to examine questions that a single survey, clinic, or laboratory could not answer alone, including how social environments, development, biology, family experiences, and policy conditions relate to health and substance use over time.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"585\" data-end=\"917\">Throughout this textbook, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study serves as a central example. ABCD is a large, multisite study of young people that collects information across many connected areas of development, behavior, health, and environment. Figure 0.1 provides a high-level orientation to those data domains.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_351\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-351\" style=\"width: 1282px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-351 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains.png\" alt=\"High-level overview of major data domains in the ABCD Study, including physical health, biosamples, linked contextual data, family and community environments, novel technologies, neurocognition, substance use, mental health, and brain imaging, with examples of measures collected within each domain.\" width=\"1282\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains.png 1282w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/domains-350x198.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1282px) 100vw, 1282px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-351\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"1001\">Figure 0.1. High-level overview of data domains represented in the ABCD Study.<\/strong> The study includes information on substance use, physical health, biospecimens, neurocognition, mental health, brain imaging, family and community contexts, environmental exposures, and emerging technologies. <em data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1224\">Linked data<\/em> refers to contextual information, such as education, environmental exposures, policy, cultural values, and discrimination, that can be connected to participant records. Not every participant has every measure at every visit, and available measures vary across data releases. <em data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1596\">Source: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Study design and overview documentation. Retrieved June 15, 2026, from <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.abcdstudy.org\/latest\/study\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com#study-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ABCD Study Documentation: Study Design<\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1956\">Data do not simply appear in a file ready for analysis. Each value reflects decisions about study design, recruitment, consent, measurement, collection procedures, quality control, documentation, storage, access, and reuse. A survey response, laboratory result, genetic variant, or brain-imaging measure therefore has both a scientific meaning and a history.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"2530\">Figure 0.2 introduces the framework used throughout this course. <strong data-start=\"2023\" data-end=\"2046\">Data infrastructure<\/strong> includes the people, equipment, settings, procedures, and materials that make research data possible. <strong data-start=\"2149\" data-end=\"2170\">Data architecture<\/strong> includes the digital structures through which data are organized and analyzed, such as DataFrames, identifiers, linked datasets, longitudinal records, metadata, network data, and genomic variants. Ethics, governance, and regulation connect these domains by shaping what may be collected, how sensitive information is protected, and who may access or reuse it.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_356\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-356\" style=\"width: 1672px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-356 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM.png\" alt=\"This figure introduces three connected concepts used throughout the course. Data infrastructure refers to the people, places, materials, devices, and procedures that physically generate research data. Data architecture refers to the digital structures used to organize and analyze those data, including tables, linked records, longitudinal files, metadata, networks, and genetic information. Ethics, governance, and regulation connect these domains by determining how data may be collected, stored, linked, accessed, and reused responsibly. The framework applies across all data types encountered in the course, including survey, toxicology, neuroimaging, and genetic data.\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM.png 1672w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu:443\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/28\/2026\/01\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-4-2026-09_39_47-AM-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-356\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 0.2. From Data Infrastructure to Data Architecture. Data infrastructure includes the physical and operational systems that produce research data. Data architecture includes the digital structures used to organize, link, document, and analyze those data. Ethics, governance, and regulation shape both systems through requirements for consent, privacy, security, controlled access, and responsible reuse.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3297\">The goal of this course is to apply this framework to the data types and instruments represented in Figure 0.1. You will learn to connect research questions to measurable variables, interpret documentation and data structures, evaluate data quality and limitations, use Python to conduct transparent analyses, and communicate conclusions responsibly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3299\" data-end=\"3753\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Although ABCD is a recurring example, students work with synthetic instructional datasets rather than restricted participant-level ABCD data. These datasets resemble selected features of real biomedical data, including repeated visits, multiple instruments, identifiers, missing-value codes, quality-control flags, and supporting documentation. They allow students to practice data analysis and reproducible workflow while protecting participant privacy.<\/p>\n<p>The course GitHub repository is available here:<\/p>\n<h2>Companion Statistics Text<\/h2>\n<p>This textbook is designed to be used alongside:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.openintro.org\/go\/?id=biostat0\">Vu, J., &amp; Harrington, D. (2021). <em>Introductory Statistics for the Life and Biomedical Sciences<\/em> (1st ed., Version August 8, 2021). OpenIntro.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Module Pairing Schedule<\/h2>\n<table class=\"grid\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Module<\/th>\n<th>DSARM module topic<\/th>\n<th>Paired statistical concepts from Vu &amp; Harrington<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M1<\/td>\n<td>The Biomedical Data Journey<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M2<\/td>\n<td>Measuring Addiction &amp; Youth Substance Use<\/td>\n<td>Exploratory data analysis; numerical and categorical summaries; graphical displays (\u00a71.2\u20131.7).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M3<\/td>\n<td>Attitudes, Environments, Data Quality &amp; Cleaning<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M4<\/td>\n<td>Behavioral Genetics &amp; Addiction<\/td>\n<td>Foundations of probability; rules of probability; random variables (\u00a72.1\u20132.2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M5<\/td>\n<td>Polygenic Traits &amp; Addiction<\/td>\n<td>Discrete and continuous probability distributions; binomial, normal, and Poisson distributions (\u00a73.1\u20133.4).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M6<\/td>\n<td>Social Determinants of Addiction<\/td>\n<td>Statistical inference; sampling variability; confidence intervals (\u00a74.1\u20134.2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M7<\/td>\n<td>Public Policy &amp; Addiction<\/td>\n<td>Hypothesis-testing framework; test statistics; Type I and Type II errors (\u00a74.3\u20134.4).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M8<\/td>\n<td>Brain\u2019s Reward System &amp; Addiction<\/td>\n<td>One- and two-sided tests; interpreting p-values; decision rules (\u00a75.1\u20135.3).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M9<\/td>\n<td>Cue-Based Habits &amp; Impulse Control<\/td>\n<td>Statistical power; one-way ANOVA; comparing multiple group means (\u00a75.4\u20135.6).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M10<\/td>\n<td>Capstone<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"front-matter-type":[12],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-4","front-matter","type-front-matter","status-publish","hentry","front-matter-type-introduction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/front-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":370,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/4\/revisions\/370"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/4\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"front-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter-type?post=4"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=4"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openpub.libraries.rutgers.edu\/dsarm12\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}